International Research and Academic scholar society

IRASS Journal of Applied Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Issue-12(December), Volume-2 2025

1. A study on fungal infections: From genral types to Dermophytosis
8

Manpreet Singh*, Ms. Arvinder...
G.H.G Khalsa College of Pharmacy Gurusar Sudhar, Ludhiana
1-6
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17870868

Fungal infections are a significant global health concern, ranging from mild superficial infections to severe systemic diseases. This project explores the general types of fungal infections, highlighting their classification, causes, and common manifestations. A special focus is given to dermatophytosis, one of the most prevalent superficial fungal infections affecting skin, hair, and nails. The study discusses the etiology, epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment options for dermatophytosis, along with preventive measures to reduce its spread. By comparing different fungal infections and analyzing the local prevalence of dermatophytosis, this project aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of fungal diseases, their impact on human health, and the importance of early diagnosis and effective management.

2. Prevalence, Morphological Classification, and Determinants of Anaemia...
5

Aquel Rene Lopez*, Nana Akosua...
School of Allied health Science, Baldwin University College Accra
7-27
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17922156

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy remains a pressing public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. This study assessed the prevalence, morphological classification, and associated risk factors of anaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 297 pregnant women. Sociodemographic, clinical, and dietary data were collected using structured questionnaires. Haematological parameters were analyzed to classify anaemia morphologically. Associations between anaemia and various risk factors were explored using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of anaemia was 47.8%, with normocytic normochromic anaemia being the most common type (62.7%), followed by microcytic hypochromic (34.5%) and macrocytic anaemia (2.8%). Anaemia was significantly associated with the second trimester, short interpregnancy intervals (≤2 years), self-reported infections, poor knowledge about anaemia, physically strenuous work, and inadequate folate supplementation. Folic acid use was protective, reducing the odds of anaemia by 72%. While most participants had inadequate intake of iron- and vitamin-rich foods, only folate deficiency was significantly linked to anaemia risk. Morphological patterns revealed that microcytic hypochromic anaemia correlated more with nutritional deficiencies, while normocytic anaemia was associated with infections and gestational stage. Conclusion: Anaemia in pregnancy at this tertiary facility is common, with multifactorial causes involving infections, short birth spacing, poor nutritional status, and inadequate supplementation. Targeted interventions including early antenatal care, nutritional support, infection prevention, and education on anaemia risks are essential to mitigate its burden.

3. Association between ABO Blood Groups and Hypertension among Adult Pati...
5

Aquel Rene Lopez*, Sallas N.K...
School of Allied health Science, Baldwin University College Accra
28-37
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17922221

Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 150 clinically diagnosed hypertensive adults. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaires. ABO and Rh blood grouping were performed using standard methods, while blood pressure classifications followed WHO and ACC/AHA guidelines. Chisquare tests assessed associations between blood groups and hypertension categories, and binary logistic regression evaluated the predictive influence of age, sex, and BMI. Results: Blood group O was the most prevalent (70.7%), followed by B (18.0%), A (10.0%), and AB (1.3%). Most participants (68.7%) were classified as having Stage 2 hypertension despite ongoing treatment. Chi-square analysis showed no significant association between ABO blood groups and hypertension categories (χ² = 8.647, p = 0.470). Logistic regression revealed that sex (p = 0.592), age (p = 0.766), and BMI (p = 0.785) were not significant predictors of hypertension within the sample. Conclusion: The distribution of ABO blood groups among hypertensive patients largely mirrored the general Ghanaian population, and no significant association was found between blood group type and hypertension severity. Demographic variables also showed no predictive value. These findings suggest that ABO blood group typing does not contribute to hypertension risk stratification in this setting. Efforts should instead focus on addressing modifiable lifestyle and metabolic risk factors.

4. Effect of Ethanol Extract on Zingiber Officinale on Serum Protein of M...
12

Sowunmi, Kehinde Olukemi, Edog...
Department of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology
38-42
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18073017

Serum protein profiles, such as total protein, albumin, and globulin fractions, are frequently altered by inflammation and can be used as indicators for systemic immune response and hepatic function. Ginger, or Zingiber officinale, has long been used to treat a variety of inflammatory disorders due to its well-known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities. This study examined the effects of Zingiber officinale extracts on serum proteins in male albino wistar rats that had been inflamed. Five (5) groups of rats were created: blank control, negative control, standard control, low-dose extract, and high-dose extract. With the exception of the blank control group, all groups were induced with inflammation. Serum protein activities including total protein, albumin, alpha-globulin, beta-globulin globulin and total globulin were evaluated following the 21-day experiment. With the exception of total protein, which had lower levels, the generated inflammation markedly raised serum protein activities, indicating toxicity. With the exception of total protein, where it boosted activity, Zingiber officinale ethanol extract dramatically lowered serum protein levels to normal levels, indicating protection. The albumin levels were shown to be reduced in a dose-dependent manner. When the high dose (6.44 ± 0.000) was compared to the blank control (5.51 ± 0.001), the negative control (17.57 ± 0.00) showed the greatest reduction (p<0.05), followed by the standard control (14.69 ± 0.011). These results suggested that Zingiber officinale ethanol extracts could be used as a medicinal treatment since they could reduce inflammation-induced toxicity





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